amakuru

1. Moteri ya DC ikoresheje brush

Muri moteri zishushanyije, ibi bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gizunguruka ku giti cya moteri cyitwa commutator. Kigizwe na silindiri cyangwa disiki izunguruka igabanyijemo ibice byinshi by'icyuma kuri rotor. Ibice bihujwe n'imirongo y'amashanyarazi kuri rotor. Imirongo ibiri cyangwa myinshi ihoraho yitwa brushes, ikozwe muri conductor yoroshye nka graphite, ikanda kuri commutator, bigatuma habaho amashanyarazi agenda ahindagurika hamwe n'ibice bikurikirana uko rotor izunguruka. Imirongo itanga amashanyarazi ku mirongo. Uko rotor izunguruka, commutator ihitamo imirongo itandukanye maze amashanyarazi agana ku mirongo runaka ashyirwa ku mirongo runaka ku buryo imbaraga rukuruzi za rotor ziguma zitari kumwe na stator kandi bigatuma habaho torque mu cyerekezo kimwe.

2. Moteri ya dc idafite uburoso

Muri moteri za DC zitagira uburoso, sisitemu ya servo y'ikoranabuhanga isimbuza imiyoboro ya commutator ya mechanical. Sensor y'ikoranabuhanga imenya inguni ya rotor kandi ikagenzura switches za semiconductor nka transistors zihindura amashanyarazi binyuze mu miyoboro, haba mu gusubiza inyuma icyerekezo cy'amashanyarazi cyangwa, muri moteri zimwe na zimwe zikayafunga, ku nguni ikwiye bityo amashanyarazi agakora torque mu cyerekezo kimwe. Gukuraho sliding contact bituma moteri zitagira uburoso zigira strain nke kandi zigakomeza igihe kirekire; igihe cyazo cyo gukora kigengwa gusa n'igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bearing zazo.

Moteri za DC zikozwe muri brush zigira imbaraga nyinshi iyo zihagaze, zigagabanuka uko umuvuduko wiyongera. Zimwe mu mbogamizi za moteri zikozwe muri brush zishobora kurwanywa na moteri zidafite brush; zirimo imikorere myiza no kudapfa kwangirika mu buryo buhanitse. Izi nyungu ziza ku giciro cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bishobora kuba bidakomeye, bigoye kandi bihenze cyane.

Moteri isanzwe idafite uburoso ifite rukuruzi zihoraho zizenguruka ku ruhu rudahinduka, zikuraho ibibazo bifitanye isano no guhuza ingufu n'urufunguzo rugenda. Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi risimbura ihuriro rya moteri ya DC yahinduwe, rihora rihindura phase rijya ku zunguruka kugira ngo moteri ikomeze kuzunguruka. Igenzura rikora ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu ringana n'iryo rikoresha igihe gisanzwe rikoresheje urukiramende rwa solid-state aho gukoresha sisitemu ya commutator.

Moteri zitagira uburoso zitanga ibyiza byinshi ugereranyije na moteri za DC zikozwe muri brushed, harimo torque nyinshi ugereranyije n'uburemere, kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora torque nyinshi kuri watt, kwiyongera kw'ubwizigirwa, kugabanya urusaku, kuramba igihe kirekire binyuze mu gukuraho isuri ya brush na commutator, gukuraho ions zituruka kuri iyoni.
commutator, hamwe no kugabanya burundu interference ya electromagnetic interference (EMI). Kubera ko nta windings kuri rotor, ntabwo zishyirwamo imbaraga za centrifugal, kandi kubera ko windings zishyigikiwe n'aho zikorera, zishobora gukonjeshwa hakoreshejwe conduction, nta mwuka unyura muri moteri kugira ngo ikonje. Ibi bivuze ko imbere muri moteri hashobora gufungirwa burundu kandi kurindwa umwanda cyangwa ibindi bintu by'amahanga.

Guhindura moteri idafite uburoso bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri porogaramu hakoreshejwe microcontroller, cyangwa bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa analog cyangwa digitale. Guhindura moteri hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga aho gukoresha brushes bituma habaho ubworoherane n'ubushobozi budashoboka kuri moteri za DC zifite uburoso, harimo kugabanya umuvuduko, gukora microstepping kugira ngo hagenzurwe buhoro kandi neza, ndetse no gufata torque iyo ihagaze. Porogaramu ya controller ishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe moteri runaka ikoreshwa muri porogaramu, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza yo guhindura moteri.

Ingufu ntarengwa zishobora gukoreshwa kuri moteri idafite uburoso zigengwa hafi n'ubushyuhe gusa; [citation needed] ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya imbaraga za rukuruzi kandi bukangiza ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro.

Mu guhindura amashanyarazi moteri zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mekanike, moteri zikoresha brushless zikora neza kurusha moteri zikoresha brush kubera ko nta brush zifite, ibyo bigabanya igihombo cy'ingufu zikoreshwa na mekanike bitewe no gukururana. Ubushobozi bwongerewe ni bwinshi mu bice bidafite umutwaro n'ibidafite umutwaro mwinshi mu mikorere ya moteri.

Ibidukikije n'ibisabwa abakora moteri za DC zo mu bwoko bwa brushless birimo gukora nta gusana, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'imikorere aho umuriro utera nabi (ni ukuvuga ahantu haturikira) cyangwa ushobora kugira ingaruka ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.

Imiterere ya moteri idafite uburoso isa na moteri ikoresha uburoso, ariko moteri zifite itandukaniro rikomeye bitewe n'itandukaniro mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa n'imikorere. Nubwo moteri zikoresha uburoso zikunze guhagarara hamwe na rotor mu mwanya wayo, moteri idafite uburoso isanzwe igamije gukora izunguruka rihoraho. Ubwoko bwa moteri zombi bushobora kugira sensor y'aho rotor iherereye kugira ngo itange ibitekerezo imbere. Moteri ikoresha uburoso na moteri ikoresha uburoso yakozwe neza ishobora gufata torque iri kuri zeru RPM.