amakuru

Muri iki gihe, mu bikorwa bifatika, moteri nto zavuye ku buryo bworoshye bwo gutangiza no gutanga amashanyarazi mu bihe byashize kugeza ku kugenzura neza umuvuduko wazo, aho ziherereye, imbaraga zazo, nibindi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kwihutisha imikorere y’inganda, kwihutisha imikorere y’ibiro no kwihutisha imikorere y’urugo. Hafi ya zose zikoresha ibikoresho byo guhuza amashanyarazi bihuza ikoranabuhanga rya moteri, ikoranabuhanga rya microelectronics n’ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ni ikintu kidasubirwaho mu iterambere rya moteri nto n’izidasanzwe.

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya moteri nto rihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka moteri, mudasobwa, inyigisho yo kugenzura, n'ibikoresho bishya, kandi ririmo kuva mu gisirikare no mu nganda rijya mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Kubwibyo, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya moteri nto rigomba guhuza n'ibikenewe mu iterambere ry'inganda nini n'inganda zigezweho.

Uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha:
1. Moteri ntoya zo mu rugo
Kugira ngo habeho kuzuza ibisabwa n'abakoresha no guhuza n'ibyo bakeneye mu gihe cy'amakuru, kugira ngo habeho kubungabunga ingufu, ihumure, imikoranire, ubwenge, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho (ibikoresho by'amakuru), uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibikoresho byo mu rugo burihuta cyane, kandi hashyizweho ibisabwa byinshi kuri moteri zibifasha. Ibisabwa kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza, urusaku ruto, gutigita guke, igiciro gito, umuvuduko uhinduka n'ubwenge. Moteri nto zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu rugo zigize 8% bya moteri nto zose: harimo ibyuma bikonjesha, imashini zimesa, firigo, amafuru ya mikoroonde, amafeni y'amashanyarazi, imashini zisukura, imashini zikuraho amazi, nibindi. Ubukene bwa buri mwaka ku isi ni hagati ya miliyoni 450 na 500 (amaseti). Ubwo bwoko bwa moteri ntibufite imbaraga nyinshi, ariko bufite ubwoko bwinshi. Imiterere y'iterambere rya moteri nto ku bikoresho byo mu rugo irimo:
①Moteri zitagira brush zikoresha magnet zihoraho zizasimbura moteri zitagira synchronous buhoro buhoro;
② Gukora igishushanyo mbonera cyiza no kunoza ubwiza n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa;
③Emeza imiterere mishya n'inzira nshya kugira ngo wongere umusaruro.

2. Moteri ntoya z'imodoka

Moteri ntoya z’imodoka zigize 13%, harimo moteri zitangira, moteri zihanagura, moteri zikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha n’abafana bakonjesha, moteri zikoresha umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, moteri zizunguruka amadirishya, moteri zifunga inzugi, nibindi. Mu 2000, umusaruro w’imodoka ku isi wari miliyoni 54, kandi buri modoka yakeneraga moteri 15, bityo isi yose yakeneraga moteri miliyoni 810.
Ingingo z'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya moteri nto ku modoka ni izi zikurikira:
①Ikora neza cyane, itanga umusaruro mwinshi, kandi izigama ingufu
Imikorere yayo ishobora kunozwa binyuze mu bipimo nko kwihuta cyane, guhitamo ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bikora neza cyane, uburyo bwo gukonjesha bunoze, no kunoza imikorere y’umugenzuzi.
②Ubwenge
Gukoresha moteri n'ibikoresho bigenzura imodoka neza bituma imodoka ikora neza kandi igabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

3. Moteri ntoya zo gutwara no kugenzura amashanyarazi mu nganda
Ubwo bwoko bwa moteri ntoya bungana na 2%, harimo ibikoresho bya CNC, manipulators, robots, nibindi. Ahanini ni moteri za AC servo, moteri za power stepper, moteri za DC zihuta cyane, moteri za AC zitagira uburoso, nibindi. Ubwo bwoko bwa moteri bufite ubwoko bwinshi kandi busaba tekiniki nyinshi. Ni ubwoko bwa moteri ikenera cyane cyane.

Iterambere ry'iterambere rya moteri nto
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu bw'isi rihanganye n'ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi - ingufu n'ibidukikije. Ku ruhande rumwe, hamwe n'iterambere ry'umuryango w'abantu, abantu bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku mibereho myiza, kandi ubumenyi ku kurengera ibidukikije burimo gukomera. Moteri zidasanzwe ntizikoreshwa cyane mu nganda n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro gusa, ahubwo zikoreshwa no mu nganda z'ubucuruzi na serivisi. Cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byinshi byinjiye mu buzima bw'umuryango, bityo umutekano wa moteri ushyira mu kaga umutekano w'abantu n'umutungo; gutigita, urusaku, Kwivanga kwa Electromagnetic bizaba akaga rusange kangiza ibidukikije; imikorere ya moteri ifitanye isano itaziguye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibyuka byangiza, bityo ibisabwa mpuzamahanga kuri ibi bimenyetso bya tekiniki bigenda birushaho gukomera, byakuruye ibitekerezo by'inganda z'ibinyabiziga zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, uhereye ku miterere ya moteri, ubushakashatsi ku kurengera ingufu bwakozwe mu bintu byinshi nko mu ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho, ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'igishushanyo mbonera cya electromagnetic. Hashingiwe ku mikorere myiza ya tekiniki, uruhererekane rushya rw'ibicuruzwa bya moteri ntoya ruzanashyira mu bikorwa politiki zijyanye no kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije. Amahame mpuzamahanga ateza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na ryo, nko gusiga moteri nshya, igishushanyo mbonera cy’imizunguruko, kunoza imiterere y’umwuka uhumeka no gukoresha ibikoresho bigabanya imbaraga za rukuruzi, ibikoresho biramba bya rukuruzi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugabanya urusaku no kugabanya vibration, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura, n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugabanya ingaruka za rukuruzi n’ubundi bushakashatsi bukoreshwa.

Dushingiye ku gitekerezo cy'uko ubukungu bw'isi yose burimo kwihuta, ibihugu biri kwita cyane ku ngingo ebyiri z'ingenzi zo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, guhanahana ikoranabuhanga mpuzamahanga n'ubufatanye birimo gukomera, kandi umuvuduko w'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga uri kwihuta, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha moteri nto ni:
(1) Gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rishya no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga;
(2) Gukora neza cyane, kuzigama ingufu no guteza imbere ibidukikije;
(3) Guteza imbere ubwizerwe buri hejuru no guhuza ingufu za elegitoroniki;
(4) Guteza imbere urusaku ruke, gutigita kuke, ku giciro gito no ku giciro gito;
(5) Guteza imbere ubumenyi bwihariye, gutandukanya ibintu, n'ubwenge.
Byongeye kandi, moteri nto n'izidasanzwe ziri gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cya modularization, ihuza, guhuza amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge no gukoresha brushless, icyuma kidakoresha core na permanent magnetization. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni uko hamwe n'ikwirakwizwa ry'urwego rw'ikoreshwa rya moteri nto n'izidasanzwe, ingaruka ku bidukikije. Hamwe n'impinduka, moteri gakondo zigenga amashanyarazi ntizishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byuzuye. Gukoresha ibyagezweho bishya mu nzego zijyanye nabyo, harimo amahame mashya n'ibikoresho bishya, mu guteza imbere moteri nto zifite amahame atari ay'amashanyarazi byabaye icyerekezo cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rya moteri.