amakuru

5G ni ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho ryo mu gisekuru cya gatanu, rirangwa ahanini n'uburebure bwa milimetero, umuvuduko mwinshi cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi cyane, na latency iri hasi cyane. 1G yageze ku itumanaho ry'amajwi rya analog, kandi mukuru we nta ecran afite kandi ashobora guhamagara gusa; 2G yageze ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gutumanaho mu ijwi, kandi imashini ikora ifite ecran nto ishobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi; 3G yageze ku itumanaho rya multimedia rirenze ijwi n'amashusho, bituma ecran iba nini yo kureba amashusho; 4G yageze ku gukoresha interineti yihuta cyane mu gace, kandi telefoni nini zishobora kureba amashusho magufi, ariko ikimenyetso ni cyiza mu mijyi no mu byaro bikennye. 1G ~ 4G yibanda ku itumanaho ryoroshye kandi rinoze hagati y'abantu, mu gihe 5G izafasha guhuza ibintu byose igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, aho ari ho hose, bigatuma abantu batinyuka kwitega kwitabira ibintu byose ku Isi binyuze mu kureba amashusho imbonankubone nta gihe gitandukanye.

Kugera kw'igihe cya 5G no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rya Massive MIMO byatumye habaho intambwe eshatu mu iterambere rya antene za 5G:
1) Iterambere rya antene zidakora (passive antene) rigana kuri antene zikora (active antene);
2) Imashini isimbura fibre optique;
3) RRH (umutwe wa kure w’amajwi ya radiyo) na antene byashyizwe hamwe igice.

Hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’imiyoboro y’itumanaho rigana kuri 5G, antene zo kwerekana (multi antene space division multiplexing), antene nyinshi (network densisification), na antene nyinshi (spectrum expansion) bizaba ubwoko bw’ingenzi bw’iterambere rya antene za station base mu gihe kizaza.

Kubera ko imiyoboro ya 5G igeze, ibyo abakora cyane mu miyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa basaba bihora bihinduka. Kugira ngo imiyoboro igere ku buryo bwuzuye, ubwoko bwinshi bwa antene zo gusimbuza station station zikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa. Kuri antene enye zikoresha frequency, kugira ngo bagenzure inguni yayo ya elegitoroniki yo kumanuka, ubu hariho ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho byo kugenzura amashanyarazi, harimo guhuza imashini ebyiri zo kugenzura amashanyarazi zubatswe muri moteri ebyiri, imashini ebyiri zo kugenzura amashanyarazi zikoresha moteri imwe zifite uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, n'imashini enye zo kugenzura amashanyarazi zubatswe muri moteri. Biragaragara ko uko igikoresho cyakoreshwa kose, kidashobora gutandukana no gukoresha moteri za antene.

Imiterere nyamukuru ya moteri ya antene ikoresha amashanyarazi yo gutwika amashanyarazi muri sitasiyo y’ibanze ni imashini igabanya moteri igizwe na moteri itwara amashanyarazi n’agasanduku k’amashanyarazi gatuma igabanuka, ifite imikorere yo guhindura umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi; Moteri itanga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko muto w’amashanyarazi, kandi agasanduku k’amashanyarazi gahujwe na moteri itwara amashanyarazi kugira ngo gabanye umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi mu gihe cyongera imbaraga z’amashanyarazi, bityo bigere ku ngaruka nziza zo gutwara amashanyarazi; Agasanduku k’antene gakoresha amashanyarazi gakoresha ibipimo bya tekiniki bya moteri, ingufu, n’imikorere kugira ngo gahuze neza n’ibidukikije nk’ibidukikije, ikirere, itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe, kandi kagere ku ngaruka nziza zo gutwara amashanyarazi n’ubuzima busabwa.